Hyperdontia Explained
Hyperdontia refers to the presence of excess teeth, also called supernumerary teeth, in the mouth. We’re born with 20 baby teeth that give way to 32 adult teeth in early childhood. It can occur with either set of teeth, and in many cases only leads to one excess tooth. In these cases, especially if the tooth doesn’t break the gum line or impede regular dental care, hyperdontia doesn’t need to be treated. In fact, photos of it in the press can easily mislead one into believing the condition is rarer and more extreme than it is. Somewhere between 1% and 4% of the population has some degree of the issue, with it presenting twice as often in men as women.
While most cases are mild and asymptomatic, early dental evaluations are key to preventing potential complications. Routine dental X-rays can help identify hidden supernumerary teeth before they lead to crowding, misalignment, or other oral health concerns. If detected early, treatment options can be discussed and tailored to the patient’s specific needs, often involving a collaborative approach between a pediatric dentist and orthodontist.
Yet, there are cases where hyperdontia leads to more than one excess tooth and/or causes additional dental ramifications. Some of the negative consequences of untreated hyperdontia include:
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Difficulty in maintaining normal oral cleaning – Extra teeth can create overcrowding, which makes brushing and flossing difficult. This can increase the risk of cavities, plaque buildup, gum disease, and bad breath.
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Displacing surrounding teeth – Supernumerary teeth may push against permanent teeth, disrupting their natural alignment. This can result in the need for orthodontic treatment to correct bite issues or spacing problems.
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Vanity and functional issues – In more severe cases, extra teeth may erupt in visible or awkward places, leading to cosmetic concerns or difficulties with chewing and speaking.
Hyperdontia can occur in anyone regardless of age, race, or gender. That said, there is a consensus among professionals that the condition has some genetic roots. It is commonly associated with genetic syndromes such as Ehler-Danlos syndrome, a group of disorders affecting connective tissues, and Gardner syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that can lead to various growths including dental abnormalities.
In most cases, hyperdontia is diagnosed in children or adolescents during routine dental X-rays. Early detection is important to prevent complications and to plan appropriate treatment. Dentists may recommend removing the supernumerary teeth, especially if they’re causing discomfort, crowding, or impacting oral development. In some situations, particularly if the extra teeth are not causing immediate problems, the dentist may monitor them over time.
Treatment for hyperdontia often involves a team approach that can include pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and oral surgeons. With early intervention and careful management, most children with hyperdontia can achieve excellent oral health outcomes and maintain a confident, functional smile into adulthood. If you suspect your child may have extra teeth, schedule a dental evaluation for a proper diagnosis and care plan.
As is true with all issues regarding dental hygiene, any questions or concerns regarding potential supernumerary teeth should be brought to your dentist. In some cases individuals have hyperdontia and aren’t aware of it until a dentist notes it, thus, do not need to treat it. In cases where it does impede function, a surgical extraction is an option. As always, it’s a topic best discussed with a trained expert.
The providers at PDOVA can answer any questions you may have about this unusual condition. Our experienced team is dedicated to providing personalized care and helping you understand your treatment options. If you’re concerned about hyperdontia or any other dental issue, contact us at 804-739-0963 for more information and to schedule an appointment.